{"id":49526,"date":"2022-10-16T12:08:08","date_gmt":"2022-10-16T19:08:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.politicsplus.org\/blog\/?p=49526"},"modified":"2022-10-16T12:08:08","modified_gmt":"2022-10-16T19:08:08","slug":"everyday-erinyes-340","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.politicsplus.org\/blog\/2022\/10\/16\/everyday-erinyes-340\/","title":{"rendered":"Everyday Erinyes #340"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Experts in autocracies have pointed out that it is, unfortunately, easy to slip into normalizing the tyrant, hence it is important to hang on to outrage. These incidents which seem to call for the efforts of the Greek Furies (Erinyes) to come and deal with them will, I hope, help with that. As a reminder, though no one really knows how many there were supposed to be, the three names we have are <strong><span style=\"color: #800000;\">Alecto<\/span><\/strong>, <span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>Megaera<\/strong><\/span>, and <strong><span style=\"color: #800000;\">Tisiphone<\/span><\/strong>. These roughly translate as &#8220;unceasing,&#8221; &#8220;grudging,&#8221; and &#8220;vengeful destruction.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>This is the culture article I had hoped to do last week, but it&#8217;s really timeless. I&#8217;d like to start with a personal story. Back in the oughts, when I was working at AAA, and our cubicles had low walls so we could see and possibly talk to people across to us, one day the woman across from mee said something, I forget exactly what, but with which I heartily agreed. I had seen a joke that morning which put me in mind of a particular phrase and I responded &#8220;For shizzle!&#8221; She was startled and said, &#8220;I didn&#8217;t even think you would know who Diddy was.&#8221; I said, &#8220;Well, yeah, I listen to classical music pretty well all the time, but that doesn&#8217;t mean I have to be ignorant.&#8221; And she replied that most people don&#8217;t think that way. And that little conversation was what led to our becoming BFFs. And I have learned so much and gotten so much joy from our friendship, and I think she has too, that I am so grateful to have, and so determined to continue having, an open mind.<\/p>\n<p>However, I&#8217;m afraid she was right &#8211; most people don&#8217;t think that way. I can&#8217;t forget all the heads that exploded when Mr. Robert Zimmerman received the Nobel for Literature one year. Or that when the musical &#8220;Of Thee I Sing&#8221; received a Pulitzer and every creative talent who worked on it received the award <strong>except<\/strong> George Gershwin &#8211; that was not in my lifetime, but it&#8217;s such a well-known event, and so ironic, it sticks with me. And then, there&#8217;s &#8220;The Lexicon of Musical Invective,&#8221; a collection of quotes from history in which older composers, and some critics, verbally destroyed younger composers who turned out to be as great as or greater than their critics. You wouldn&#8217;t believe, for instance, the trash talk about Beethoven.<\/p>\n<p>So when I saw this article about how one creative activity can spill over into, and even foster, a different creative activity that is unexpected, I wanted to share it. You don&#8217;t need to agree with me or the author &#8211; you don&#8217;t even need to read it &#8211; but it&#8217;s natural for me to want to share something &#8211; a type of openness &#8211; which has given so much to me.<br \/>\n==============================================================<\/p>\n<h1 class=\"legacy\">Kanye may not like books, but <span class=\"nobr\">hip-hop<\/span> fosters a love of\u00a0literature<\/h1>\n<figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/486302\/original\/file-20220923-9077-4oxn6v.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;rect=35%2C71%2C2959%2C2393&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\" \/><figcaption>Kanye West provoked criticism recently when he compared reading to eating Brussels sprouts.<br \/>\n<span class=\"attribution\"><a class=\"source\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gettyimages.com\/detail\/news-photo\/kanye-west-arrives-at-the-balenciaga-show-on-may-22-2022-in-news-photo\/1398688334?adppopup=true\">Gotham via Getty Images<\/a><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/a-d-carson-175763\">A.D. Carson<\/a>, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/university-of-virginia-752\">University of Virginia<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p>When Ye \u2013 the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/entertainment-arts-58965500\">artist formerly known as Kanye West<\/a> \u2013 stated during a recent podcast that he <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rollingstone.com\/music\/music-news\/kanye-west-says-he-doesnt-read-any-books-donda-academy-1234594688\/\">doesn\u2019t read books<\/a>, some people questioned whether he was <a href=\"https:\/\/www.complex.com\/pop-culture\/levar-burton-kanye-west-havent-read-book\">sending the wrong message to children<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Those questions took on more importance in light of the fact that Ye <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rollingstone.com\/music\/music-features\/kanye-west-donda-academy-school-1234593961\/\">recently launched<\/a> Donda Academy, a private educational venture named after his late mother, Donda West, who was herself an <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mtv.com\/news\/g0pma2\/donda-west-noted-scholar-and-kanyes-mother-dies-at-58\">English professor<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>As a <a href=\"https:\/\/aydeethegreat.com\/\">rap artist<\/a>, author and <a href=\"https:\/\/news.virginia.edu\/content\/meet-ad-carson-uvas-professor-hip-hop\">academic<\/a>, I would never argue that reading lots of books is the only path to gaining knowledge or showing intelligence.<\/p>\n<p>After all, I created the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.publishing.umich.edu\/stories-of-impact\/rethinking-peer-review\">first-ever peer-reviewed hip-hop album published by a university press<\/a>. For my doctoral dissertation in 2017, I made <a href=\"http:\/\/phd.aydeethegreat.com\">a rap album<\/a> and resisted any calls to submit a formally written explanation of the work.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" style=\"border: 0; width: 400px; height: 472px;\" src=\"https:\/\/bandcamp.com\/EmbeddedPlayer\/album=3235103611\/size=large\/bgcol=ffffff\/linkcol=333333\/artwork=small\/transparent=true\/\" width=\"100%\" height=\"400\" seamless=\"\"><a href=\"https:\/\/aydeethegreat.bandcamp.com\/album\/owning-my-masters-the-rhetorics-of-rhymes-revolutions\">Owning My Masters: The Rhetorics of Rhymes &amp; Revolutions by A.D. Carson<\/a><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h2>Verbal intelligence<\/h2>\n<p>Even as a former high school literature teacher, I <a href=\"https:\/\/www.insidehighered.com\/views\/2021\/08\/06\/more-college-students-should-study-rap-opinion\">never believed<\/a> the only way \u2013 or even the primary way \u2013 for people to demonstrate intellect was through reading books. I think that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=rXfkk82c0-k\">performing a freestyle<\/a> \u2013 that is to say, writing and reciting seemingly spontaneous rap lyrics on the spot \u2013 requires levels of intelligence that are often overlooked or <a href=\"https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/632638-the-racist-element-of-natural-abilityphysically-gifted\">racistly<\/a> cast off as \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/the-myth-of-natural-talent-8793\">natural talent<\/a>\u201d that don\u2019t require studying or practice. For instance, the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rollingstone.com\/music\/music-features\/the-roots-black-thought-on-how-he-spit-nearly-10-minute-viral-freestyle-197206\/\">mind-blowing<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=prmQgSpV3fA\">10-minute freestyle<\/a> that rapper Black Thought performed live on New York radio station <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hot97.com\/\">Hot 97<\/a> in 2017 is a master-class demonstration of brilliance that is a result of years of study and practice.<\/p>\n<figure><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/prmQgSpV3fA?wmode=transparent&amp;start=0\" width=\"440\" height=\"260\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><figcaption><span class=\"caption\">Black Thought performs a 10-minute freestyle on New York radio station Hot 97 in 2017.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>In some ways, you might say Kanye West and I are on the same page. Where I disagree with Ye, however, is in his total dismissal of reading books, which he likens to \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.wmagazine.com\/culture\/kanye-west-reading-books-vegetables#:%7E:text=%E2%80%9CWhen%20you%20said%20I%20hadn,the%20Giorgio%20Baldi%20corn%20ravioli.%E2%80%9D\">eating Brussels sprouts<\/a>.\u201d Rap music is a lot of things, but it includes quite a bit of reverence for literature.<\/p>\n<figure><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/d0EyGdo2hxA?wmode=transparent&amp;start=0\" width=\"440\" height=\"260\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><figcaption><span class=\"caption\">A direct rap response to Kanye West\u2019s dismissive remarks about not reading books, 10 years in advance: \u201cA.R.T. [The Motto],\u201d by A.D. Carson.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>Kanye as \u2018Gatsby\u2019<\/h2>\n<p>Books have a high place in hip-hop. As I\u2019ve pointed out in the various <a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldcat.org\/title\/jay-z-essays-on-hip-hops-philosopher-king\/oclc\/690102796\">book chapters<\/a> that I\u2019ve authored on different aspects of rap music \u2013 and in the classes that I teach \u2013 a wealth of lyrics that contain direct and indirect references to a rich array of literary works. These works span multiple millennia and originate from across the globe.<\/p>\n<p>And long before the book-hating controversy, I once referred to Ye as potentially being <a href=\"https:\/\/genius.com\/Ad-carson-trimalchio-from-chicago-flashing-lights-and-the-great-kanye-in-west-egg-excerpt-lyrics\">hip-hop\u2019s Jay Gatsby<\/a>, a reference to the central character of F. Scott Fitzgerald\u2019s 1925 novel \u201cThe Great Gatsby,\u201d because of the striking parallels that I saw between their lives. The novel contains teachable comparisons to \u201cGraduation\u201d in its use of the flashing-lights metaphor for hope and desire for wealth and class.<\/p>\n<p>While Kanye West professes a disdain for books, the same cannot be said of many of his predecessors and contemporaries.<\/p>\n<p>For instance, in 1996, Tupac Shakur released his 1996 album \u201cThe Don Killuminati: The 7 Day Theory\u201d under the alias Makaveli \u2013 a variation of the name of author Niccol\u00f2 Machiavelli. Machiavelli\u2019s 16th-century works \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Niccolo-Machiavelli\/The-Prince\">The Prince<\/a>\u201d and \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Niccolo-Machiavelli\/The-Discourses-on-Livy\">Discourses on Livy<\/a>\u201d could offer interesting insights into the album and the creative process that Tupac undertook during the final period of his life. For example, Machiavelli famously details his observations on obtaining and keeping political power in \u201cThe Prince.\u201d Similarly, Tupac ends his album by talking about his own ascendancy of sorts, shouting out \u201csoldiers with military minds\u201d and detailing foretold rules of war.<\/p>\n<p>What follows is a brief overview of other notable instances in which rap artists refer \u2013 either directly or indirectly \u2013 to influential literary works written by authors from around the world and throughout the ages.<\/p>\n<h2>Black Star\u2019s 1998 \u2018Thieves in the Night\u2019<\/h2>\n<p>This song name-drops and quotes Toni Morrison\u2019s \u201cThe Bluest Eye.\u201d The <a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/GjxtRehIz2Y\">hook of the song<\/a> borrows and revises the quote from the novel:<\/p>\n<figure class=\"align-left \"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/486329\/original\/file-20220923-10723-4dfcsc.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=237&amp;fit=clip\" sizes=\"(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/486329\/original\/file-20220923-10723-4dfcsc.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=925&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/486329\/original\/file-20220923-10723-4dfcsc.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=925&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/486329\/original\/file-20220923-10723-4dfcsc.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=925&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/486329\/original\/file-20220923-10723-4dfcsc.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=1162&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/486329\/original\/file-20220923-10723-4dfcsc.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=1162&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/486329\/original\/file-20220923-10723-4dfcsc.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=1162&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w\" alt=\"A book cover emblazoned with the words 'The Bluest Eye: A Novel by Toni Morrison'\" \/><figcaption><span class=\"caption\">Toni Morrison\u2019s novel \u2018The Bluest Eye.\u2019<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"attribution\"><a class=\"source\" href=\"https:\/\/www.penguinrandomhouse.com\/books\/117662\/the-bluest-eye-by-toni-morrison\/\">Penguin Random House<\/a><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<blockquote><p><em>\u201c\u2026 for we were not strong, only aggressive; we were not free, merely licensed; we were not compassionate, we were polite; not good, but well behaved. We courted death in order to call ourselves brave, and hid like thieves from life.\u201d<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h2>Noname\u2019s 2021 single \u2018Rainforest\u2019<\/h2>\n<p>This song directly names the 1961 book \u201cThe Wretched of the Earth\u201d by psychiatrist and political philosopher <a href=\"https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/frantz-fanon\/\">Frantz Fanon<\/a>. It is a lyrical allusion to the ongoing effects of colonialism.<\/p>\n<figure><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/UQieH79aZXg?wmode=transparent&amp;start=0\" width=\"440\" height=\"260\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><figcaption><span class=\"caption\">\u201cRainforest\u201d by Noname.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>KXNG Crooked and Joell Ortiz\u2019s 2022 song \u2018Heat Wave\u2019<\/h2>\n<p>Crooked makes a passing reference in this song to Plato\u2019s philosophical text \u201cSymposium,\u201d in which characters, including the philosopher Socrates, compete performing improvised speeches. Plato isn\u2019t exactly writing about rap battles, but there are similarities.<\/p>\n<figure><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/iE6liNqysyM?wmode=transparent&amp;start=0\" width=\"440\" height=\"260\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><figcaption><span class=\"caption\">\u201cHeat Wave\u201d by KXNG Crooked and Joell Ortiz.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>Kendrick Lamar\u2019s 2015 album \u2018To Pimp a Butterfly\u2019<\/h2>\n<p>There are interesting parallels to Ralph Ellison\u2019s \u201cInvisible Man\u201d throughout the album. The insistent reference to \u201cyams\u201d on the song \u201cKing Kunta\u201d evokes the scene from the 1952 novel in which the narrator encounters a vendor selling yams, which remind him of home, so he eats them until they make him sick.<\/p>\n<figure><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/hRK7PVJFbS8?wmode=transparent&amp;start=0\" width=\"440\" height=\"260\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><figcaption><span class=\"caption\">\u201cKing Kunta\u201d by Kendrick Lamar.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>The Roots\u2019 2004 album \u2018The Tipping Point\u2019<\/h2>\n<p>This album borrows its name from a 2000 Malcolm Gladwell book. Gladwell describes a tipping point as \u201cthe moment of critical mass, the threshold, the boiling point.\u201d The album cover features a photo of a young Malcolm X, presumably at a tipping point of sorts, before he becomes a world-famous Muslim minister and eventually co-authors the influential 1965 \u201cThe Autobiography of Malcolm X as told to Alex Haley.\u201d<\/p>\n<figure><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/83ZMUMOIlmg?wmode=transparent&amp;start=0\" width=\"440\" height=\"260\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><figcaption><span class=\"caption\">\u201cThe Tipping Point\u201d by The Roots.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>Common\u2019s 2000 album \u2018Like Water for Chocolate\u2019<\/h2>\n<figure class=\"align-right zoomable\"><a href=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/486559\/original\/file-20220926-15-99gdb3.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=1000&amp;fit=clip\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/486559\/original\/file-20220926-15-99gdb3.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=237&amp;fit=clip\" sizes=\"(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/486559\/original\/file-20220926-15-99gdb3.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=924&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/486559\/original\/file-20220926-15-99gdb3.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=924&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/486559\/original\/file-20220926-15-99gdb3.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=924&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/486559\/original\/file-20220926-15-99gdb3.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=1161&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/486559\/original\/file-20220926-15-99gdb3.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=1161&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/486559\/original\/file-20220926-15-99gdb3.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=1161&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w\" alt=\"Book cover of 'Assata: An Autobiography,' by Assata Shakur.\" \/><\/a><figcaption><span class=\"caption\">\u2018Assata: An Autobiography,\u2019 by Assata Shakur.<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"attribution\"><a class=\"source\" href=\"https:\/\/www.biblio.com\/9781556520747\">Biblio<\/a><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>This album takes its name from the 1989 novel by Mexican author Laura Esquivel. The book uses magical realism to convey the emotions of the main character, Tita, to the people who eat the food she makes while being a caretaker for her mother, which prevents her from fulfilling her true desires.<\/p>\n<p>The album also features a song called \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/HaqXrT9bU10\">A Song for Assata<\/a>\u201d that features audio from an interview Common did with exiled Black freedom fighter Assata Shakur, author of the 1989 book \u201cAssata: An Autobiography.\u201d<\/p>\n<h2>Dead prez\u2019s 2000 album \u2018Let\u2019s Get Free\u2019<\/h2>\n<p>This album features many literary illusions and influences. Notably, the lyrics of the song \u201cWe Want Freedom\u201d begin with the words, \u201cI Ching,\u201d which is the name of an ancient Chinese text. The group\u2019s logo comprises a symbol, hexagram 46, used in the text that represents the word \u201carmy.\u201d Group member stic.man <a href=\"https:\/\/rollingout.com\/2013\/02\/02\/dead-prez-explain-their-evolving-approach-fighting-fire-with-water\/\">says<\/a> the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/B1shJ-rA3XS\/?hl=en\">symbol<\/a> is meant to represent \u201cforward motion, progress and adapting in our lives.\u201d<\/p>\n<figure><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/NceKuXts95U?wmode=transparent&amp;start=0\" width=\"440\" height=\"260\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><figcaption><span class=\"caption\">\u201cWe Want Freedom\u201d by dead prez.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>Rapsody\u2019s 2019 album \u2018Eve\u2019<\/h2>\n<p>All the titles of the songs on this album are the names of noteworthy women. \u201cEve\u201d is the first woman named in a major work of literature \u2013 the Bible \u2013 and several of the other women mentioned are authors, including \u201cOprah,\u201d \u201cMyrlie,\u201d \u201cMichelle\u201d and \u201cMaya.\u201d The song named for Maya Angelou focuses on themes in Angelou\u2019s work and also quotes from her writing.<\/p>\n<figure><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/bvA5gKqlQCo?wmode=transparent&amp;start=0\" width=\"440\" height=\"260\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><figcaption><span class=\"caption\">\u201cMaya\u201d by Rapsody.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Perhaps Kanye West\u2019s recent remarks about reading will inspire some thoughtful conversation about how American society views reading and determines intelligence. If they do, the archives of hip-hop \u2013 whether in book form or music \u2013 offer an abundance of ways to take those conversations to greater depths.<!-- Below is The Conversation's page counter tag. Please DO NOT REMOVE. --><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important;\" src=\"https:\/\/counter.theconversation.com\/content\/191160\/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic\" alt=\"The Conversation\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" \/><!-- End of code. If you don't see any code above, please get new code from the Advanced tab after you click the republish button. The page counter does not collect any personal data. More info: https:\/\/theconversation.com\/republishing-guidelines --><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/a-d-carson-175763\">A.D. Carson<\/a>, Assistant Professor of Hip-Hop, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/university-of-virginia-752\">University of Virginia<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p>This article is republished from <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\">The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/kanye-may-not-like-books-but-hip-hop-fosters-a-love-of-literature-191160\">original article<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>==============================================================<br \/>\n<strong><span style=\"color: #800000;\">Alecto<\/span><\/strong>, <span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>Megaera<\/strong><\/span>, and <strong><span style=\"color: #800000;\">Tisiphone<\/span><\/strong>, we don&#8217;t all need to be alike &#8211; in fact, we shouldn&#8217;t. But paying attention &#8211; and respect &#8211; to things that others care about, and the roles those things play in their lives, can open us up to a world of wonder we didn&#8217;t know existed. Help us to do that, in ways that work for us, as best we can.<\/p>\n<p>The Furies and I will be back.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Experts in autocracies have pointed out that it is, unfortunately, easy to slip into normalizing the tyrant, hence it is important to hang on to outrage. These incidents which seem to call for the efforts of the Greek Furies (Erinyes) to come and deal with them will, I hope, help with that. As a reminder, <a href='https:\/\/www.politicsplus.org\/blog\/2022\/10\/16\/everyday-erinyes-340\/' class='excerpt-more'>[&#8230;]<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":48958,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[141,5],"tags":[5177,3729,5176,3718],"class_list":["post-49526","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-plus","category-politics","tag-crossover","tag-furies","tag-literature","tag-music","category-141-id","category-5-id","post-seq-1","post-parity-odd","meta-position-corners","fix"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.politicsplus.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49526","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.politicsplus.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.politicsplus.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.politicsplus.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.politicsplus.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=49526"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.politicsplus.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49526\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.politicsplus.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/48958"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.politicsplus.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=49526"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.politicsplus.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=49526"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.politicsplus.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=49526"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}