{"id":43157,"date":"2021-03-20T10:23:07","date_gmt":"2021-03-20T17:23:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.politicsplus.org\/blog\/?p=43157"},"modified":"2021-03-20T10:23:07","modified_gmt":"2021-03-20T17:23:07","slug":"everyday-erinyes-258","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.politicsplus.org\/blog\/2021\/03\/20\/everyday-erinyes-258\/","title":{"rendered":"Everyday Erinyes #258"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Experts in autocracies have pointed out that it is, unfortunately, easy to slip into normalizing the tyrant, hence it is important to hang on to outrage. These incidents which seem to call for the efforts of the Greek Furies (Erinyes) to come and deal with them will, I hope, help with that. As a reminder, though no one really knows how many there were supposed to be, the three names we have are <strong><span style=\"color: #800000;\">Alecto<\/span><\/strong>, <span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>Megaera<\/strong><\/span>, and <strong><span style=\"color: #800000;\">Tisiphone<\/span><\/strong>. These roughly translate as &#8220;unceasing,&#8221; &#8220;grudging,&#8221; and &#8220;vengeful destruction.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Harry Golden, who invented, wrote, and published a home-made newsletter he called &#8220;The Carolina Israelite,&#8221; was writing in the fifties about the cultural significance of employment, and how, whether or not it is a good idea, we tie our worth to our job. And our identity. At that time, the work that gave people their identity was always outside the home. Unemployed people, even some retired people, would find reasons to leave the house every morning and return in the evening because they were literally ashamed not to. (What a blogger he would have made had he lived a generation or two later than he did!) I thought of that when I read this.<\/p>\n<p>I&#8217;ve always had, I think a pretty good work ethic when I have had a job &#8211; doing it to the best of my ability, and with my heart &#8211; not watching the clock &#8211; even identifying with it to a degree. Two if the user names I use elsewhere than here on the internet include prior job titles in some way. But being now retired, and one of the lucky ones who can live on my retirement, I don&#8217;t miss it. I don&#8217;t need a job title to give me self respect. And I also am not a white supremacist. Apparently, those two things may be related.<br \/>\n================================================================<\/p>\n<h1 class=\"legacy\">How the quest for significance and respect underlies the white supremacist movement, conspiracy theories and a range of other problems<\/h1>\n<figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/388886\/original\/file-20210310-23-1oud1kk.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;rect=17%2C0%2C2941%2C1962&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\" \/><figcaption>Unemployed Blackjewel coal miners, their family members and activists man a blockade along railroad tracks leading to their old mine on Aug. 23, 2019, in Cumberland, Kentucky.<br \/>\n<span class=\"attribution\"><a class=\"source\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gettyimages.com\/detail\/news-photo\/unemployed-blackjewel-coal-miners-their-family-members-and-news-photo\/1169799870?adppopup=true\">Scott Olson\/Getty Images<\/a><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/arie-kruglanski-284021\">Arie Kruglanski<\/a>, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/university-of-maryland-1347\">University of Maryland<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p>President Joe Biden\u2019s fundamental pitch to America has been about dignity and respect. He never tires of repeating his father\u2019s words that \u201ca job is about more than a paycheck, it is about \u2026 dignity \u2026 about respect \u2026 being able to look your kid in the eye and say, \u2018<a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/joebiden\/status\/1202972212384288768?lang=en\">Everything is going to be OK<\/a>.\u2019\u201d<\/p>\n<p>In strikingly similar language, Princeton economists <a href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=bKON6gYAAAAJ&amp;hl=en\">Anne Case<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=rvFjcQIAAAAJ&amp;hl=en\">Angus Deaton<\/a> affirm that \u201cjobs are not just the source of money.\u201d When jobs are lost, they wrote in 2020, \u201cit is the loss of meaning, of dignity, of pride, and of self respect \u2026 <a href=\"https:\/\/press.princeton.edu\/books\/hardcover\/9780691190785\/deaths-of-despair-and-the-future-of-capitalism\">that brings on despair, not just or even primarily the loss of money<\/a>.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/psyc.umd.edu\/facultyprofile\/kruglanski\/arie\">I am a psychologist<\/a> who studies <a href=\"https:\/\/scholar.google.gr\/citations?user=Trd2BdsAAAAJ&amp;hl=en\">the human quest for significance and respect<\/a>. My research reveals that this basic motivation is a major force in human affairs. It shapes the course of world history and determines the destiny of nations. It underlies some of the chief challenges society is facing. Among others, these are:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/press.princeton.edu\/books\/hardcover\/9780691190785\/deaths-of-despair-and-the-future-of-capitalism\">The suicides \u2013 known as \u201cdeaths of despair\u201d \u2013 of working-class Americans<\/a><\/li>\n<li>White supremacist movements<\/li>\n<li>Systemic racism<\/li>\n<li>Islamist terrorism<\/li>\n<li>The proliferation of conspiracy theories<\/li>\n<li>The growing rift in the Republican Party between moderates and extremists<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>In all these cases, people\u2019s actions, opinions and attitudes aim, often unconsciously, to satisfy their fundamental need to count, to be recognized and respected.<\/p>\n<p>The very term \u201csupremacism\u201d betrays concern for superior standing. So do names like \u201cProud Boys\u201d or \u201cOath Keepers.\u201d Systemic racism is rooted in the motivation to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2020\/07\/01\/885878564\/what-systemic-racism-means-and-the-way-it-harms-communities\">put down one race to elevate another<\/a>. Islamist terrorism targets the <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0032615\">alleged belittlers of a religion<\/a>. Conspiracy theories identify alleged culprits <a href=\"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/us\/book\/9781461298021\">plotting the subjugation and dishonor of their victims<\/a>. And the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fastcompany.com\/90553503\/its-time-to-respect-that-republicans-care-about-only-one-thing-winning\">extremist faction of the Republican Party cares exclusively about winning, no holds barred<\/a>.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"align-center zoomable\"><a href=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/388889\/original\/file-20210310-19-70s8h0.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=1000&amp;fit=clip\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/388889\/original\/file-20210310-19-70s8h0.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\" sizes=\"(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/388889\/original\/file-20210310-19-70s8h0.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=400&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/388889\/original\/file-20210310-19-70s8h0.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=400&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/388889\/original\/file-20210310-19-70s8h0.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=400&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/388889\/original\/file-20210310-19-70s8h0.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=503&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/388889\/original\/file-20210310-19-70s8h0.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=503&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/388889\/original\/file-20210310-19-70s8h0.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=503&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w\" alt=\"Torch-bearing white men marching at night, shouting\" \/><\/a><figcaption><span class=\"caption\">Chanting \u2018White lives matter! You will not replace us!\u2019 and \u2018Jews will not replace us!\u2019 several hundred white nationalists and white supremacists march through the University of Virginia campus in Charlottesville on Aug. 10, 2017.<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"attribution\"><a class=\"source\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gettyimages.com\/detail\/news-photo\/chanting-white-lives-matter-you-will-not-replace-us-and-news-photo\/831221784?adppopup=true\">Evelyn Hockstein\/For The Washington Post via Getty Images<\/a><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>Triggering the quest<\/h2>\n<p>This quest for significance and respect must first be awakened before it can drive behavior. We don\u2019t strive for significance 24\/7.<\/p>\n<p>The quest can be triggered by the experience of significant loss through humiliation and failure. When we suffer such a loss, we desperately seek to regain significance and respect. We are then keen to embrace any narrative that tells us how, and to follow leaders who show us the way.<\/p>\n<p>The quest for significance can also be triggered by an opportunity for substantial gain \u2013 becoming a hero, a martyr, a superstar.<\/p>\n<p>Over the past several decades, many Americans have experienced a stinging loss of significance and respect. Social scientists examined the <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0146167217721174\">perception of social class in the United States between 1972 and 2010<\/a>. The results of their research were striking: In the 1970s, most Americans viewed themselves as comfortably middle class, defined at the time by conduct and manners \u2013 being a good neighbor and a good member of the community, exhibiting proper behavior.<\/p>\n<p>In contrast, by the 2000s, membership in the middle class was determined primarily by income. And because incomes have stagnated over the past half-century, by 2010 many Americans (particularly the lower-income ones) lost their middle-class identity entirely.<\/p>\n<p>Small wonder, then, that they resonated to the Trump campaign slogan that promised to <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pops.12647\">make America (or Americans) \u201cgreat again<\/a>.\u201d<\/p>\n<h2>Piling on<\/h2>\n<p>The COVID-19 pandemic <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sfchronicle.com\/opinion\/openforum\/article\/How-to-turn-the-coronavirus-anxiety-into-15136037.php\">compounds people\u2019s sense of fragility<\/a> and insignificance.<\/p>\n<p>Isolation from loved ones, the danger to our own health and the dread of an economic disaster are all stressors that make a person feel weak and vulnerable. They increase the attraction to ideas that offer quick fixes for loss of significance and respect.<\/p>\n<p>Though the ideas that promise restoration of significance and dignity range widely, they share an important core: They <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0032615\">depict the promotion of different social values as paths to significance<\/a>. Promoting freedom and democracy, defending one\u2019s nation or one\u2019s religion, advancing one\u2019s political party \u2013 all aim to earn respect and dignity in communities that cherish those values.<\/p>\n<p>When the quest for significance and respect is intensified, other considerations such as comfort, relationships or compassion are sidelined. Any actions that promote significance are then seen as legitimate. That includes actions that would otherwise seem reprehensible: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/rev0000260\">violence, aggression, torture or terrorism<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>An intense quest for significance does not invite reprehensible actions directly. But it boosts a person\u2019s readiness to tolerate and enact them for the sake of significance and dignity.<\/p>\n<p>The path ultimately taken depends on the narrative that identifies significance-bestowing actions in a given situation. Depending on one\u2019s moral perspective, such actions may be seen as \u201cgood,\u201d \u201cbad\u201d or \u201cugly.\u201d One might have an entirely different moral evaluation of the Black Lives Matter movement and the Proud Boys and yet recognize that, psychologically, both represent routes to significance.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"align-center zoomable\"><a href=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/388895\/original\/file-20210310-17-1hmj7vc.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=1000&amp;fit=clip\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/388895\/original\/file-20210310-17-1hmj7vc.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\" sizes=\"(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/388895\/original\/file-20210310-17-1hmj7vc.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=383&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/388895\/original\/file-20210310-17-1hmj7vc.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=383&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/388895\/original\/file-20210310-17-1hmj7vc.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=383&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/388895\/original\/file-20210310-17-1hmj7vc.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=481&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/388895\/original\/file-20210310-17-1hmj7vc.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=481&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/388895\/original\/file-20210310-17-1hmj7vc.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=481&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w\" alt=\"A gallows with a noose hanging on it at the Capitol Building in Washington, D.C.\" \/><\/a><figcaption><span class=\"caption\">A noose is seen on makeshift gallows erected on Jan. 6 at the Capitol before Trump supporters violently stormed a session of Congress.<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"attribution\"><a class=\"source\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gettyimages.com\/detail\/news-photo\/noose-is-seen-on-makeshift-gallows-as-supporters-of-us-news-photo\/1230473117?adppopup=true\">Andrew Caballero-Reynolds\/AFP via Getty Images<\/a><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>The allure of violence<\/h2>\n<p>A special danger to societies stems from the primordial, significance-lending appeal of violence.<\/p>\n<p>Among animals, dominance is established through <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/video\/watch\/idOVDU2NS9R\">\u201ctrial by combat,\u201d to use Rudy Giuliani\u2019s<\/a> recent turn of phrase at the rally before the Capitol insurrection. And as President Theodore Roosevelt famously observed, <a href=\"https:\/\/millercenter.org\/president\/roosevelt\/foreign-affairs\">walking with a \u201cbig stick\u201d<\/a> makes other nations pay attention and respect.<\/p>\n<p>Most narratives adopted by violent extremists identify a real or imagined enemy at the gates, and fighting such enemies is depicted as worthy and honorable: For Trump acolytes, the enemy is the \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/politics\/story\/2019-10-02\/the-deep-state-is-fighting-back\">deep state<\/a>.\u201d For much of the far right, the enemy is, variously, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-36130006\">immigrants, refugees<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.voanews.com\/usa\/race-america\/far-right-us-facebook-groups-pivot-attacks-black-lives-matter\">people of color<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/extremism.gwu.edu\/sites\/g\/files\/zaxdzs2191\/f\/Antisemitism%20as%20an%20Underlying%20Precursor%20to%20Violent%20Extremism%20in%20American%20Far-Right%20and%20Islamist%20Contexts%20Pdf.pdf\">Jews<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nbcnewyork.com\/news\/local\/crime-and-courts\/study-shows-rise-of-hate-crimes-violence-against-asian-americans-in-nyc-during-covid\/2883215\/\">Asians<\/a>, or even <a href=\"http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/specials\/packages\/article\/0,28804,1860871_1860876_1861029,00.html\">reptilians who plot to dominate the world<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Evangelicals view Trump\u2019s alleged battle <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/demons-of-the-deep-state-how-evangelicals-and-conspiracy-theories-combine-in-trumps-america-144898\">against the \u201cdeep state\u201d as divinely inspired<\/a>. And a QAnon message from Jan. 13, 2018, stated: \u201cYou were chosen for a reason. You are being provided the highest level of intel to ever be dropped publicly in the history of the world. <a href=\"https:\/\/joyinliberty.com\/q\/category\/qanon-quotes\/\">Use it \u2013 protect and comfort those around you<\/a>.\u201d These views sow division among segments of society, inviting fissures and polarization.<\/p>\n<p>The quest for significance and respect is a universal and immutable aspect of human nature. It has the potential to inspire great works but also tear society asunder. The formidable challenge these days is to harness the energies sparked by this fundamental motive and channel them for the betterment of humanity.<\/p>\n<p>[<em>Get the best of The Conversation, every weekend.<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/us\/newsletters\/weekly-highlights-61?utm_source=TCUS&amp;utm_medium=inline-link&amp;utm_campaign=newsletter-text&amp;utm_content=weeklybest\">Sign up for our weekly newsletter<\/a>.]<!-- Below is The Conversation's page counter tag. Please DO NOT REMOVE. --><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important; text-shadow: none !important;\" src=\"https:\/\/counter.theconversation.com\/content\/156027\/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic\" alt=\"The Conversation\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" \/><!-- End of code. If you don't see any code above, please get new code from the Advanced tab after you click the republish button. The page counter does not collect any personal data. More info: https:\/\/theconversation.com\/republishing-guidelines --><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/arie-kruglanski-284021\">Arie Kruglanski<\/a>, Professor of Psychology, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/university-of-maryland-1347\">University of Maryland<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p>This article is republished from <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\">The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/how-the-quest-for-significance-and-respect-underlies-the-white-supremacist-movement-conspiracy-theories-and-a-range-of-other-problems-156027\">original article<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>================================================================<br \/>\nAMT, if my own attitudes, and those of others like me, are interfering with our understanding of what needs to e done to combat white supremacy (I don&#8217;t sat &#8220;eradicate&#8221; because I doubt that is even possible), then please help us to get a grasp if that &#8211; I almost said &#8220;get a grip.&#8221; That too.<\/p>\n<p>The Furies and I will be back.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Experts in autocracies have pointed out that it is, unfortunately, easy to slip into normalizing the tyrant, hence it is important to hang on to outrage. These incidents which seem to call for the efforts of the Greek Furies (Erinyes) to come and deal with them will, I hope, help with that. As a reminder, <a href='https:\/\/www.politicsplus.org\/blog\/2021\/03\/20\/everyday-erinyes-258\/' class='excerpt-more'>[&#8230;]<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":40593,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[4316,3729,4315,3748,4318,4317],"class_list":["post-43157","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-politics","tag-employment","tag-furies","tag-jobs","tag-racism","tag-self-esteem","tag-the-economy","category-5-id","post-seq-1","post-parity-odd","meta-position-corners","fix"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.politicsplus.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/43157","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.politicsplus.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.politicsplus.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.politicsplus.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.politicsplus.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=43157"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.politicsplus.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/43157\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.politicsplus.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/40593"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.politicsplus.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=43157"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.politicsplus.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=43157"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.politicsplus.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=43157"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}