{"id":37419,"date":"2019-08-24T09:26:35","date_gmt":"2019-08-24T16:26:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.politicsplus.org\/blog\/?p=37419"},"modified":"2019-08-24T09:26:35","modified_gmt":"2019-08-24T16:26:35","slug":"everyday-erinyes-180","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.politicsplus.org\/blog\/2019\/08\/24\/everyday-erinyes-180\/","title":{"rendered":"Everyday Erinyes #180"},"content":{"rendered":"

Experts in autocracies have pointed out that it is, unfortunately, easy to slip into normalizing the tyrant, hence it is important to hang on to outrage. These incidents which seem to call for the efforts of the Greek Furies (Erinyes) to come and deal with them will, I hope, help with that. As a reminder, though no one really knows how many there were supposed to be, the three names we have are Alecto<\/span><\/strong>, Megaera<\/strong><\/span>, and Tisiphone<\/strong><\/span>. These roughly translate as “unceasing,” “grudging,” and “vengeful destruction.”<\/p>\n

Today I want the Furies (and us) to look at a trend that is not new, but which has always been, and continues to be, largely missed.<\/p>\n

We get so accustomed to “conservatives” being opposed to “conservation” that we are in danger of missing the fact that fascists want everything<\/strong>, and “everything” includes the environment.<\/p>\n

==================================================================<\/p>\n

White nationalists’ extreme solution to the coming environmental apocalypse<\/h1>\n

Alexandra Minna Stern<\/a>, University of Michigan<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

White nationalists around the world are appropriating the language of environmentalism.<\/p>\n

The white nationalist who allegedly massacred 22 people in El Paso in early August<\/a> posted a four-page screed on the chatroom 8chan. In it, the shooter blames his attack on the \u201cHispanic invasion of Texas\u201d and the impending \u201ccultural and ethnic replacement\u201d of whites in America.<\/p>\n

The shooter also refers directly to the lengthy manifesto written by the man who allegedly murdered 52 in March in attacks motivated by Islamophobia on mosques in Christchurch, New Zealand.<\/p>\n

The Christchurch shooter called himself an \u201cecofascist\u201d who believes there is no \u201cnationalism without environmentalism.\u201d<\/a> The El Paso shooter titled his rant \u201cAn Inconvenient Truth,\u201d apparently in reference to Al Gore\u2019s 2006 documentary<\/a> warning about the dangers of climate change. He also praised \u201cThe Lorax<\/a>,\u201d Dr. Seuss\u2019 classic story about deforestation and corporate greed.<\/p>\n

The prominence of environmental themes in these manifestos is not an oddity. Instead, it signals the rise of ecofascism as a core ideology of contemporary white nationalism<\/a>, a trend I uncovered when conducting research for my recent book, \u201cProud Boys and the White Ethnostate: How the Alt-Right Is Warping the American Imagination<\/a>.\u201d<\/p>\n

The roots of ecofascism<\/h2>\n

Ecofascists combine anxieties about the demographic changes they characterize as \u201cwhite extinction\u201d with fantasies of pristine lands free of nonwhites and free of pollution.<\/p>\n

Ecofascism\u2019s roots trace back to early 1900s when romantic notions of communion with the land took hold in Germany<\/a>. These ideas found expression in the concept of \u201clebensraum\u201d or living spaces, and in attempts to create an exclusive Aryan fatherhood in which \u201cblood and soil\u201d racial nationalism<\/a> reigned supreme. The concept of lebensraum was integral to the expansionist and genocidal policies of the Third Reich.<\/p>\n

There is a long thread that ties xenophobia to right-wing environmentalism. In the U.S., strains of ecofascism appeared in the incipient environmental movement, espoused by racialists like Madison Grant<\/a>, who in the 1920s championed the preservation of native flora including California\u2019s redwood trees, while demonizing nonwhite immigrants<\/a>.<\/p>\n

After World War II, in the name of protecting forests and rivers, nativist organizations opposed to arrivals from non-European countries<\/a> stoked fears of overpopulation and rampant immigration.<\/p>\n

\"\"A meme popular online among the far-right and ecofascists is \u201csave trees, not refugees.\u201d<\/a> Often ecofascist memes take the form of emojis like the popular Norse rune known as Algiz, or the \u201clife\u201d rune<\/a>. This rune, favored by Heinrich Himmler and the SS, is one of many alternative symbols to swastikas that circulate online to dog whistle neo-Nazism allegiances.<\/p>\n

Deep ecology<\/h2>\n

Many ecofascists today gravitate toward \u201cdeep ecology,\u201d<\/a> the philosophy developed by the Norwegian Arne Naess in the early 1970s. Naess wanted to distinguish \u201cdeep ecology,\u201d which he characterized as reverence for all living things, from what he viewed as faddish \u201cshallow ecology.\u201d<\/p>\n

Jettisoning Naess\u2019 belief in the value of biological diversity, far-right thinkers have perverted deep ecology, imagining that the world is intrinsically unequal and that racial and gender hierarchies are part of nature\u2019s design.<\/p>\n

Deep ecology celebrates a quasi-spiritual connection to the land. As I show in my book, in its white nationalist version only men \u2013 white or European men \u2013 can truly commune with nature in a meaningful, transcendent way. This cosmic quest fuels their desire to preserve, by force if necessary, pure lands for white people.<\/p>\n

White nationalists today look to the Finnish ecofascist Pentti Linkola, who advocates for stringent immigration restriction, \u201cthe reversion to pre-industrial life ways, and authoritarian measures to keep human life within strict limits.\u201d<\/a><\/p>\n

Reflecting on Linkola\u2019s ideas, the white nationalist webzine Counter-Currents impels white men to take ecofascist action, saying that it is their duty to \u201csafeguard the sanctity of the Earth.\u201d<\/p>\n

Why partisan labels don\u2019t apply<\/h2>\n

This background helps to explain why the Christchurch shooter called himself an \u201cecofascist\u201d<\/a> and discussed environmental issues in his rambling screed<\/a>.<\/p>\n

The El Paso shooter offered more specific examples. In addition to mentioning the \u201cThe Lorax,\u201d he criticized Americans for failing to recycle and for wanton waste of single-use plastics.<\/p>\n

Their crusade to save white people from erasure through multiculturalism and immigration mirrors their crusade to preserve nature from environmental destruction and overpopulation.<\/p>\n

The conventional wisdom in the public is that environmentalism is the province of liberals<\/a>, if not of the left, with its commitments to environmental justice and carbon neutrality.<\/p>\n

Yet the ubiquity of environmental concerns among white nationalists shows that distinctions between liberal and conservative are not necessarily germane when assessing the ideologies of the far-right today.<\/p>\n

If current trends continue, the future will be one of intensified global warming and extreme weather patterns. There will be an increase in climate refugees, often seeking respite in the global north. In this context, I think that white nationalists will be primed to merge the prospect of climate calamities with their anxieties about white extinction.<\/p>\n

Census projections indicate that around 2050 the U.S. will become a majority nonwhite country<\/a>. For white nationalists, this demographic clock ticks more loudly each day. Both the Christchurch and the El Paso shooters invoke the \u201cGreat Replacement\u201d theory<\/a>, or the distorted idea that whites are being demographically outnumbered, to the point of extinction, by immigrants and racial others.<\/p>\n

Given the patterns I see emerging, I believe that the public needs to recognize ecofascism as a dangerous cloud gathering on the horizon.<\/p>\n

[ Expertise in your inbox. Sign up for The Conversation\u2019s newsletter and get a digest of academic takes on today\u2019s news, every day.<\/a><\/em> ]\"The<\/p>\n

Alexandra Minna Stern<\/a>, Professor of American Culture, History, and Women’s Studies, University of Michigan<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

This article is republished from The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article<\/a>.<\/p>\n

==================================================================<\/p>\n

Alecto<\/span><\/strong>, Megaera<\/strong><\/span>, and Tisiphone<\/strong><\/span>, Help us to recognize the pitfalls implicit in this turn of events. And help spread this information, which needs to be more widely known.<\/p>\n

The Furies and I will be back.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Experts in autocracies have pointed out that it is, unfortunately, easy to slip into normalizing the tyrant, hence it is important to hang on to outrage. These incidents which seem to call for the efforts of the Greek Furies (Erinyes) to come and deal with them will, I hope, help with that. As a reminder, […]<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":32899,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-37419","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-politics","category-5-id","post-seq-1","post-parity-odd","meta-position-corners","fix"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.politicsplus.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37419","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.politicsplus.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.politicsplus.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.politicsplus.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.politicsplus.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=37419"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.politicsplus.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37419\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.politicsplus.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/32899"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.politicsplus.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=37419"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.politicsplus.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=37419"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.politicsplus.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=37419"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}